THE ROLE OF “ART&ENGINEERING” IN INTERIOR DESIGN
This article analyzes the fundamental role and significance of the “Art&Engineering” discipline in modern interior design. The author explores the synthesis between the aesthetic principles of art and precise engineering calculations. The paper highlights the impact of parametric design, smart lighting systems, and innovative materials science on shaping interior environments. It substantiates that creating an interior at the level of a work of art is impossible without engineering solutions and emphasizes that the integration of these two fields serves to improve human comfort and quality of life.
Copyright (c) 2026 Haqberdiyev B.R. (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
THE CONCEPT OF LINGUISTIC PERSONALITY AS AN INTERDISCIPLINARY TERM IN MODERN SCIENCE
This article analyzes the concept of "linguistic personality" as a cen- tral interdisciplinary term in contemporary humanities. The author examines the con- cept's genesis, beginning with the seminal works of Yu. N. Karaulov and G. I. Bogin, and traces its evolution through the critical reflection of the late 1990s and early 2000s. Particular attention is given to E. V. Ivantsova's methodological approach, which allows for the structuring of modern definitions by generic component, level of generality, and priority area of analysis. The paper substantiates the thesis that the interdisciplinary transformation of the term does not lead to a loss of its scientific significance, but, on the contrary, expands its heuristic potential within the anthropo- centric paradigm.
Copyright (c) 2026 Хамракулова Ш. А. (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
THE REFLECTION OF THE PROBLEM OF HUMAN FREEDOM IN THE VIEWS OF PICO DELLA MIRANDOLA
This article analyzes the philosophical views of the Renaissance thinker Giovanni Pico della Mirandola within the framework of Neoplatonism. The work reveals the essence of his doctrine on human freedom, dignity, and the concept of “self-forming nature.” It also examines Pico’s interpretation of the human being as a distinct, responsible, and creative entity in relation to the cosmic hierarchy, as well as the influence of his ideas of “philosophical concord” and renewed Christianity on Renaissance humanism and subsequent philosophical movements.
Copyright (c) 2026 Raximdjanova Dilnavoz Sunnat qizi (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
THE ROLE AND IMPORTANCE OF SOCIALLY BOUND VOCABULARY
This article is about the role and importance of socially restricted lexicon in society. The article studies the content of socially restricted lexicon and its role in society, that is, it analyzes the definition of socially restricted lexicon and its im- portance for society. Socially restricted lexicon consists of the specific language of certain social groups, which expresses the culture, social status and historical expe- riences of the groups. The role and importance of socially restricted lexicon in society includes such roles and functions as its importance in communication between groups, creating identity and reflecting cultural difference. The article analyzes the importance of lexicon in improving communication between groups, forming identity and reflecting social changes. The article considers the role of lexicon in increasing the effectiveness of communication between groups. This article deeply analyzes the importance and role of socially restricted lexi- con in society from a sociolinguistic, functional and stylistic perspective. The im- portance of slang, jargon and argot units in ensuring social identification, communi- cative efficiency and expressiveness is highlighted through scientific sources. The
Copyright (c) 2026 Raimova Nafosat Olimovna (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Association Between Immune Dysfunction and Sepsis Severity in Children with Primary Immunodeficiency: A Retrospective Analysis
Sepsis continues to be one of the major morbidities and mortalities among paediatric patients, especially in children with a primary immunodeficiency (PID). These patients are characterised by high susceptibility to severe infections, atypical clinical manifestations, and high probability of rapid progression of disease due to congenital defects of the immune system. The current research intends to examine clinical and immunological characteristics of sepsis in children with PID in terms of retrospective data analysis of cases treated in the Tashkent City Children's Clinic. A retrospective study was performed through the medical records of children diagnosed with PID and sepsis within a fixed study period. Clinical data and laboratories, immu- nological parameters, causative pathogens, treatment methods and outcomes were assessed. The features of immune dysfunction, such as the defects in humoral and cellular immunity, and their correlation with the progression and severity of sepsis, were singled out. The review showed that children with PID tend to exhibit severe and frequent septic events, late diagnosis, and length of stay.The prevalent ones were the persistent leukopenia or lymphopenia, low levels of immunoglobulins, and the lack of an inflammatory response. Opponent pathogens and Gram-negative bac- teria were often verified as causative agents. Despite the intensive antimicrobial and supportive treatment, the threat of complications and the adverse outcomes were still very great in comparison with immunocompetent children. These results demonstrate the need to undertake early identification of PID in the septic child, timely immuno- logical evaluation, and adopt a personalised treatment plan. Awareness of diagnosis and optimal multidisciplinary care can help improve the prognosis and decrease mor- tality in the susceptible population of such patients.
Copyright (c) 2026 Rakhmatillaeva Mamura Shokir qizi (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
LATERITE IN CONSTRUCTION: A REVIEW OF APPLICATIONS, PROPERTIES, AND SUSTAINABILITY
Laterite, a soil and rock type rich in iron and aluminium oxides, has been widely used in construction across tropical regions due to its abundance, workability, and durability. This review consolidates historical, engineering, and modern perspectives on laterite as a building material. Traditional applications include monumental archi- tecture, vernacular housing, and colonial structures, while contemporary uses extend to blocks and bricks, road bases, stabilised earth blocks, and decorative facades. The review examines laterite’s physical and chemical properties, moderate strength, high plasticity, porosity, and oxide-rich composition, which underpin its performance in construction. Stabilisation techniques with lime, cement, and bitumen are dis- cussed as essential for enhancing durability and water resistance. Laterite’s sustain- ability potential is emphasised, as it is locally available, low-carbon, and thermally efficient, aligning with global goals for eco-friendly housing and infrastructure. Chal- lenges such as variability in composition, susceptibility to weathering, and strength limitations are also addressed. Overall, this review highlights laterite’s enduring rele- vance as a construction material, bridging traditional practices with modern sustain- able solutions.
sustainability 1. Introduction In the life of every human race
Copyright (c) 2026 Odimegwu Temple Chimuanya (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Enhancing Kanji Instruction: Obstacles, Methods, and Innovative Approaches in Teaching Japanese Characters
his article examines innovative methods for teaching kanji, the log- ographic characters of the Japanese writing system. Because of their structural com- plexity and historical roots in Chinese script, kanji pose considerable challenges for both native and non-native learners. Conventional instructional approaches often de- pend on rote memorization, which may hinder long-term retention and practical use. The study further investigates contemporary pedagogical strategies that sup- port more effective kanji acquisition through insights from cognitive science, technol- ogy integration, and context-based learning. Among the approaches discussed are mnemonic systems, gamified learning environments, digital educational tools, and contextualized instruction designed to strengthen learner engagement and under- standing. The analysis also considers how radicals and proper stroke order contrib- ute to improved character recognition.
Copyright (c) 2026 Mulekova Linara Ramilevna (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Discover Uzbekistan: A Journey into the Heart of the Magic East
This article presents Uzbekistan as a multidimensional tourism destination where history, spirituality, and living culture converge, focusing on the role of Ziyarah Travel as a mediator of authentic intercultural experience. Drawing on descriptive, cultural, and linguapragmatic perspectives, the study explores how tourism discourse constructs Uzbekistan as the “Magic East” through references to Silk Road heritage [4], Islamic scholarship, and everyday hospitality practices. Special attention is given to the agency’s audience-oriented communication strategies, particularly its engage- ment with Indonesian travelers through shared religious vocabulary, culturally reso- nant greetings, and value-based framing of travel as spiritual and intellectual enrich- ment. By examining promotional narratives alongside cultural-historical context, the article demonstrates how targeted tourism communication functions not merely as marketing but as intercultural dialogue. The findings highlight that pilgrimage-oriented routes, heritage architecture, and hospitality rituals together shape a meaningful travel experience that transcends sightseeing and fosters cultural empathy.
Copyright (c) 2026 Ilham Syah; Turdiev Sanjar; Samigov Boburjon (Authors) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
This study investigates whether interactive teaching approaches are more ef- fective than passive self-directed learning among first-year medical students acquir- ing terminology and concepts related to influenza vaccination. Using an ESL instruc- tional resource titled Flu Vaccines and a prepared learning module, 60 students were divided into an experimental group (n=30) engaged in interactive instruction and a control group (n=30) assigned independent homework-based study. Both groups completed a standardized assessment the following day. The interactive group achieved significantly higher results (85.2% vs. 72.4%, p<0.05), demonstrating improved retention and understanding of influenza vaccination, its risks, and preven- tive measures.
Copyright (c) 2026 Turdieva D.E.; Yusupova N. (Authors) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Critical Digital Literacy as a Transformative Framework for Indonesian Higher Education in the Digital Age
The rapid advancement of digital technology has transformed literacy practices in higher education, requiring a shift from basic digital skills toward Critical Digital Literacy (CDL). This study aims to examine the role of CDL in Indonesian higher education as a framework for integrating academic competence, cultural awareness, and ethical responsibility. Using a systematic literature review (SLR) approach, this study analyzes 50 peer-reviewed journal articles published between 2014 and 2025 that focus on digital literacy, critical pedagogy, and higher education contexts. The findings reveal six key domains of CDL integration: critical digital pedagogy, cultural competence, academic literacies, specialized digital literacies, evaluation ap- proaches, and institutional challenges. The study highlights that while CDL offers significant potential to enhance students’ critical thinking and digital citizenship, its implementation in Indonesia faces challenges related to infrastructure gaps, lecturer readiness, and policy support. The study concludes that systematic and sustainable institutional strategies are essential to successfully embed CDL in Indonesian higher education.
Copyright (c) 2026 Eny Syatriana; Hulkar Turdieva (Authors) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
THE RUSSIAN LANGUAGE IN UNIVERSITIES WITH A NATIONAL LANGUAGE OF INSTRUCTION
It is very important for today's education system to talk about the role and importance of the Russian language in universities where education is con- ducted in the national language. Although in our country education is provided for by legislation in the state language, that is, in the national language, the Russian lan- guage continues to occupy a special place in the educational process. This is ex- plained by the requirements that have arisen in the field of education, historical and cultural factors, as well as the global nature of the development of science and tech- nology.
Copyright (c) 2026 Хамидходжаева Назира Махкамовна (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
THEORETICAL AND METHODOLOGICAL FOUNDATIONS OF DEVELOPING HEALTHY LIFESTYLE COMPETENCIES IN STUDENTS IN THE EDUCATIONAL PROCESS
In this study, the theoretical and methodological foundations of de- veloping students' healthy lifestyle competencies in the educational process were analyzed. A healthy lifestyle is illuminated as a holistic pedagogical system, its struc- tural components such as historical and spiritual heritage, physical activity culture, rational nutrition, and emotional and volitional stability are substantiated. The study revealed the relationship between a healthy lifestyle and health, spiritual develop- ment, and social adaptation of the individual, and demonstrated the pedagogical pos- sibilities of forming healthy life values in students through sports and physical educa- tion. Also, the socio-pedagogical conditions, methodological approaches, and the so- cializing role of sports activities serving the development of healthy lifestyle compe- tencies in educational institutions have been substantiated. As a result, the theoreti- cal foundations of an integrative pedagogical system that ensures the physical, spir- itual, moral, psychological, and social development of students have been devel- oped.
Copyright (c) 2026 Ibraximov Sanjar Urunbayevich (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
STUDY OF OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF MICROSTRUCTURED POWDERS OF DIAMOND, ZINC OXIDE AND TITANIUM DIOXIDE UNDER PULSE-PERIODIC LASER EXCITATION
The paper presents the results of an experimental study of the optical properties of microstructured powders of diamond, zinc oxide and titanium dioxide under the influence of pulsed-periodic laser radiation of nanosecond duration. The mechanisms of Raman scattering and photoluminescence spectrum formation in the studied samples at room temperature were investigated. The dependence of secondary radiation intensity on laser pulse energy density was established. It has been shown that microstructuring significantly affects the local distribution of the electromagnetic field, leading to an increase in nonlinear effects and a change in spectral characteristics. The results obtained can be used in the development of sensor systems, photocatalytic coatings, and functional optical materials.
Copyright (c) 2026 Rakhmatullaev I.A; Bunkin N.F; Hoshimov Q.H; Abdusattorov B.A (Authors) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
KASA IS A PROFESSIONAL DEVELOPMENT PROGRAM FOR FOREIGN LANGUAGE TEACHERS IN UZBEKISTAN
Teaching competences take many forms and vary in content depending on the environment and subject area. As a result, English language teachers need to simplify and systematize their teaching competences to a certain extent. This article defines these competences in a broad sense, including teaching, students and learning, language and culture, educational institutions, society, and professional life.
Copyright (c) 2026 Ruzmetova D.A. (PhD). (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
SELECTION AND JUSTIFICATION OF THE CONSTRUCTION OF A HYDROTURBINE WITH A CONICAL DRUM
The main advantage of a turbine with a conical drum is the ability to forcibly direct the flow of water to the parakeet ends and minimize volumetric losses. The flow of water is compressed in a conical shape towards the end of the drum, and through this, the current in use is completely stable and in the form of a directed Force, creating the torsion movement of the drum. A hydroturbine is a device that converts the mechanical energy of water into the rotational movement of a tur- bine shaft, and there are several important factors that determine the efficiency of using water energy: • water flow rate and pressure, * interaction of water flow with drums and parracks, • low loss in construction, * optimal performance of mechanical switch parts. • The number of recesses that accept the water pressure in the drum.
Copyright (c) 2026 Xayitov Zokir Turaboyevich (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
EFFICIENCY OF STATE REGULATION OF TOURISM
This article highlights tourism development trends within Uzbeki- stan's national economy. It analyzes statistical indicators recorded in the tourism sec- tor and, based on these indicators, proposes scientific and practical solutions for the sustainable development of the tourism sector.
Copyright (c) 2026 Халилов Сирожиддин Шерали ўғли; Хубони Сорбон (Authors) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
WATER SECURITY OF CENTRAL ASIA AND THE DEBATE ON DIVERTING PART OF THE FLOW OF SIBERIAN RIVERS: ENVIRONMENTAL AND ECONOMIC ASPECTS
The article examines the problem of water security in Central Asia in the context of a growing water deficit and the renewed debate over the possible interbasin diversion of part of the flow of Siberian rivers. It analyzes the historical background of this idea, the current state of expert discussions, and the main arguments of the opposing sides. Particular attention is paid to environmental risks associated with a potential reduction in river runoff to the Arctic basin and the transformation of ecosystems in Western Siberia, including the estuarine areas of the Kara Sea and regions of intensive oil extraction. It is shown that with moderate diversion volumes of 5 to 10 km³ per year the impact on global climatic and oceanographic processes is likely to be limited, although local ecosystem consequences require detailed modeling and assessment. The economic section considers modern technological options for water transport, possible reductions in energy and operating costs compared with Soviet-era projects, and the need to account comprehensively for environmental costs.
Copyright (c) 2026 А. Насыров (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
SOCIO-CULTURAL AND PHILOSOPHICAL ASPECTS OF THE TRANSFORMATION OF VALUES IN NEW UZBEKISTAN
This article analyzes the process of value transformation in New Uzbekistan from socio-cultural and philosophical perspectives. It substantiates the strengthening of the dialectical relationship between national and universal values in the context of globalization, technological progress, and social modernization. The research em- ploys philosophical-axiological analysis and sociological approach methods. The im- pact of changes in the value system on social consciousness, cultural environment, and personal identity is revealed. The article scientifically establishes the central im- portance of values such as human dignity, knowledge, innovation, and social justice in New Uzbekistan. The obtained results allow for the interpretation of value trans- formation as a socio-historical necessity.
Copyright (c) 2026 Inagamova Feruza Xurshitovna (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
ORGANIZATIONAL AND METHODOLOGICAL FOUNDATIONS OF EXPORT ACTIVITY AUDIT
Export-import operations have a significant impact on the financial stability and efficiency of enterprises. This article analyzes the audit of export opera- tions, its methodology, and implementation stages in Uzbekistan. The study covers issues related to the use of specialized audit approaches, internal control systems, documentation, and accurate financial accounting.
Copyright (c) 2026 S.I.Xujamuradova. (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
OPTIMIZATION OF LONG-TERM PARATRIATHLETE TRAINING BASED ON MONITORING AND MANAGEMENT SYSTEMS FOR THE TRAINING PROCESS
This article presents an analysis of modern scientific and methodo- logical approaches to optimizing the training process of paratriathlon athletes in the system of long-term preparation. It has been established that scientifically based rec- ommendations for managing training loads and monitoring the functional state of par- atriathletes, taking into account the specifics of health limitations and stages of ath- letic mastery, have not been sufficiently developed in specialized literature. The fea- tures of constructing the training structure in the annual macrocycle based on block periodization using functional monitoring systems were studied. Based on the ob- tained data, software and methodological support for optimizing the training process of paratriathletes was developed, aimed at increasing the effectiveness of prepara- tion and the stability of competitive results.
Copyright (c) 2026 Ниязова Регина Рустамовна (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
APOCALYPSE AND LITERARY PSYCHOLOGISM IN RAY BRADBURYʼS STORY "THE LAST NIGHT OF THE WORLD"
This article presents a psychological and philosophical analysis of Ray Bradburyʼs short story “The Last Night of the World.” The primary aim of the study is to examine the representation of the apocalyptic motif in fantastic literature through the prism of human psychology and to identify the specific features of artistic psychologism in Bradburyʼs prose. The research problem arises from the contrast between the dominant cultural perception of apocalypse as a source of chaos and panic and Bradburyʼs alternative narrative model, which depicts calm acceptance and emotional stability. The methodological framework of the study is based on an interdisciplinary approach that combines structural and narrative analysis of the literary text with concepts drawn from existential psychology, terror management theory, and narrative psychology. The analysis focuses on three key dimensions: the charactersʼ response to the inevitability of death, the psychological function of everyday routines under existential threat, and the philosophical interpretation of ordinariness as a source of meaning. The results demonstrate that in “The Last Night of the World” the apocalypse is portrayed not as an external catastrophic event but as an internal psychological condition. The absence of panic, preservation of daily rituals, and emotionally balanced interactions between characters function as mechanisms for reducing existential anxiety. Ordinary actions such as conversation, caring for children, and preparing for sleep acquire symbolic significance and serve to maintain psychological continuity and inner harmony. Interpersonal intimacy is shown to be the central protective factor against death-related fear. The study concludes that Bradburyʼs story offers a distinctive model of artistic psychologism in fantastic fiction, in which meaning is generated through simplicity, acceptance, and human connection rather than transcendental or ideological explanations. The narrative challenges conventional apocalyptic discourse by presenting death not as a destructive rupture but as a natural culmination of a meaningful life. The findings contribute to the expansion of theoretical perspectives on psychological analysis in fantastic literature and highlight the enduring literary and philosophical value of Ray Bradburyʼs creative legacy.
Copyright (c) 2026 Koʻchimov Ulugʻbek Qoʻchqarovich (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
SUFI-ETHICAL IDEAS AND EDUCATIONAL (ENLIGHTENMENT) TENDENCIES IN THE WORKS OF SUFI OLLOYOR
This article is devoted to a comprehensive study of Sufi Olloyor’s mystical-ethical ideas and educational tendencies. The research examines human spiritual and moral development, inner reflection, ethical norms, and intellectual growth as reflected in his works. The author’s Sufi philosophy and ethical perspec- tives reveal the formation of educational tendencies and their significance in society.
Copyright (c) 2026 Masharipova Gularam Kamilovna (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0